The Representation of Masculinity in Die Hard 2 Essay

The Representation of Masculinity in Die Hard 2 - Essay Example In Renny Harlin’s film Die Hard 2 (1990), masculinity has both physical and mental power over femininity. According to Carroll (2003, p.54) John McLane, the Die Hard series’ principal character, is a prime example of masculine dominance, and ‘studies in the film field pay specific attention to the Herculean physical performances and spectacular body appearances of starring characters’. Although heroes play important roles in many successful films, most of these female characters are known only in relation to the films’ male heroes, which is partly due to male domination in society. This paper will analyze the representation of masculinity in Die Hard 2, and incorporate arguments from work by Mulvey (1975), Neale (1983) and Tasker (2004). Die Hard 2 tells the story of New York police officer, John McLane, played by Bruce Willis. The film’s opening scene takes place on Christmas Eve, when McLane visits his wife in Los Angeles (Gates 2006, p.35). McLane has what Rzepka and Horsley term ‘unresolved issues’ (2010, p.89); consequently, he is not in good terms with his wife. When McLane arrives in Los Angeles, he finds his wife at an office Christmas party, and supposed political terrorists then invade the building where the party is taking place. The film portrays McLane’s heroic attempts to save his wife from these terrorists. In Die Hard 2, as in many action films, masculine characters possess virile physical prowess and display social dominance. Social dominance, in this case, is a term used to refer to the position that the said characters hold in their spheres of influence as the main characters. This can be seen as in the case of John McLane, who is a police officer and his role in society qualifies to be dominant. Another important aspect of masculine heroes in action films is their excessive aggression. Prior studies of Hollywood’s films that primarily focus their attention on male characters characterize Die Hard 2 as a male-driven action film, with the ‘presentation of the lead hero as a macho man’ (Milestone and Meyer 2012, p. 50). This is due to McLane’s spectacular ability to wrestle his enemies, which is often a trait of the hero in male-driven films. This is due to the nature masochism in male characters in action films, where the characters are meant to be heroes with all the skill at making the evil characters come down to their knees. Carroll comments that the ‘physical masculinity of an action hero gives a preferential tone for the action narrative’, which refers to the progression of the masculine characters in film (2003, p.79). In Le Guin, (Goodwill 2009, p.13) it is found that audiences tend to accept male characters’ heroism in films, whereas they tend to find female heroism less acceptable. This is due to the social and cultural notion that males are physically and mentally stronger than females, thus making them heroes at the expense of female characters. Rzepka and Horsley define masculinity in film as ‘an opinion that a film-maker intends to deliver that involves physical prowess, sexual virility and aggression’ (2010, p. 61). Gates argues that Die Hard 2 focuses on physicality: the way that McLane is displayed as a hero ‘forms a vital ingredient of a film’s visual effects’ (2006, p. 58). Similarly, Bould states that literature on action heroes

Complan Foods Essay Example for Free

Complan Foods Essay Complan Foods is a British company that makes powdered milk energy drinks. It was acquired by Danone in 2011. In India the Complan brand is owned by the H. J. Heinz Company. Complan was launched by Glaxo in 1954. As part of Glaxos Farley Health Products subsidiary, the Complan UK brand was sold to Boots in 1988. In India, Complan remained with Glaxo until 1994, when it was acquired by Heinz, who also acquired the UK brand in the same year.[2][3] In 2002 a majority stake in the UK business (Complan Foods) was sold to the Saatchi brothers Saatchinvest BRIEF HISTORY The H.J. Heinz Company, headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is the most global of all U.S.-based food companies. Famous for their iconic brands on five continents, Heinz provides delicious, nutritious and convenient foods for families in 200 countries around the world. In more than 50 of those countries, we enjoy the number-one or number-two market position. To learn more visit www.heinz.com. Heinz came to India in 1994 by taking over the Family Products Division of Glaxo. GlaxoSmithKline plc (GSK) is a British multinational pharmaceutical, biologics, vaccines and consumer healthcare company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is the worlds fourth-largest pharmaceutical company measured by 2009 prescription drug sales .It was established in 2000 by the merger of Glaxo Wellcome plc and SmithKline Beecham plc. with powerful brands such as Complan, Glucon-D, Nycil and Sampriti. Heinz India is fully integrated into the global Heinz operations employing high standards in quality at manufacturing facility at Aligarh in the State of Uttar Pradesh. This manufacturing facility is HACCP certified and follows GFMP (Good Food Manufacturing Practices) to deliver safe food products Heinz in India provides taste and nutrition through globally trusted products like Heinz Tomato Ketchup and strong local products like Complan energy drink, Nycil the most effective prickly heat powder and Sampriti Ghee. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES: http://www.heinz.co.in/about_heinz/history.aspx

Type Of Microprocessors For Desktop Computer Science Essay

Type Of Microprocessors For Desktop Computer Science Essay This reports body is divided into two main sections. One section will explain a different topic from another. In each section, there are introductions to the topic, explanation, conclusion, and FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions). Section one will explain about memory management in operating system, which is Windows 7 32-bit. There are 2 memories that will be covered in this section including their technology in management also, physical memory and virtual memory. Analysis about limitations of the technologies and solutions to overcome them are included. Section two will cover about the design and performances of microprocessors. There is a list, consisted of 5 major trends affecting the microprocessor performance. Besides that, microprocessors are explained further through the types of modern microprocessor, which are separated into the usage in desktop, laptop, or server. The differences in design and features between the desktops, laptops, servers, and embedded systems are included at the end of the section. Section 1 (One) : Operating System Memory Management Introduction Windows 7 is the latest release of operating system which is introduced by Microsoft in July of 2009 It was preceded by Windows XP and Windows Vista. The purpose of the development of Windows 7 is on personal computers, including desktops, laptops, and tablet PCs. Windows 7 has not so much difference from predecessor Windows Vista. Windows 7 adapts some features that Windows Vista already introduced before, but 7 was intended to be more focused on improvement compatibility with applications and hardware with which Vista already compatible. Microsoft also always tries to improve security in each generation of Windows operating system. Since the generation of Windows Vista, it actually works. Windows operating systems have become more secure and more susceptible from viruses, especially Windows 7. This report will cover about Windows 7 32-bits memory management. This report will also explain further about Windows 7s management of physical memory and virtual memory. Memory Management Memory management is planned organization of programs and data into the memory. The objectives of memory management are not only to easier for programs to find space to be loaded and executed, as simple as possible, but also to maximize the use to reduce memory waste. There are two kinds of memory management, physical memory management and virtual memory management. Physical memory, known as RAM (Random Access Memory), is a form of dynamic computer storage. RAM allows the computer to store data for quick retrieval and run multiple programs at once. This memory has capacities and types which vary and will depend on the computers motherboard. Virtual memory on the other hand, has the work to compensate the lack of RAM needed to run an application or an operation. Virtual memory combines the computers RAM and the temporary space on hard disk together. When RAM runs low, virtual memory will move data from RAM to a space called a paging file. Then it moves the data to and from the paging file to free up RAM. Physical Memory Management Physical memory  management is a memory management technique that uses RAM (Random Access Memory) as its resource to handle all of the processes in the computer. So, all the processes will be divided into smaller parts and they will be loaded into physical memory that later will be processed. System Paging In System Paging, the operating system or Windows will retrieve the data from secondary storage called as pages, and then Windows will use the paging file as a temporary storage for the memory dump. As the system reboots, Windows will copy the memory dump into a separate file, and then frees the space that was used before. Since Windows Vista onwards, Windows operating system had been improved a lot better in its physical memory management as in improvements for input-output speed and performance and more efficient and effective memory management. Windows 7 implements a technique related to physical memory management which is called Microsoft SuperFetch. Microsoft SuperFetch Microsoft SuperFetch is a technology that helps Windows to manage the amount of RAM (Random Access Memory) in the machine it runs on more efficiently. SuperFetch was introduced first in Windows Vista and still holds an important part in Windows 7s physical memory management. A less capable version, called PreFetcher, is included in Windows XP. SuperFetch tries to make sure often-accessed data can be read from the fast RAM instead of the slow hard drive. SuperFetch has two goals. The first is, it will decrease boot time as in SuperFetch will record which data and files need to be accessed at which times, and stores this data in a trace file. During consecutive boots, this information is used to make the loading of files become more efficient, resulting in shorter boot times. The Second goal is SuperFetch will make sure the applications that you use the most will be loaded more efficiently. SuperFetch will also adapt itself to your usage patterns and put it into account. SuperFetch does this by pre-loading your most often used applications in your main memory, based on not only usage patterns, but also on when  you use them. For example, if a user has the same routine every morning, he will run the Mozilla Firefox and browse the Facebook, SuperFetch will pre-load these into memory in the morning. And then comes the evening, the routine will be different, like he will run iTunes and plays his playlist, SuperFetch will adapt, and load those in memory instead during the evening. Analysis Microsoft SuperFetch can give memory manager a hand to divide an often used program into priorities. So it will become more responsive and of course save some time. Despite on its advantages, SuperFetch has some limitations. The limitation is that SuperFetch will spend the leftover free memory on a low-priority applications and processes. The effect will occur when the user tries to run a high resolution video or high performance game, the effects will slow down the computer because there are no more or very few free memories left. Solution Microsoft SuperFetch need to have some reserved memory for some applications that require a lot of memory in their processes. SuperFetch should allocate the free memory for the high performance processes also, without neglecting the existence of low priority processes in the free memory. It does not have to be balance exactly, but an equal allocation for processes is a must. Virtual Memory Management Virtual Memory Management is a memory management technique that is made of various hardware memory devices such as RAM modules and disk storage drives. Virtual memory is used to help physical memory to execute more processes because some pieces of processes are loaded to physical memory and other pieces will be loaded into virtual memory, so physical memory can handle more processes and will be in ready state at any particular time and also virtual memory can handle a process that may be larger than physical memory by loading some required pieces and then the rest pieces of processes will be loaded onto virtual memory. Demand paging Demand paging is one of the virtual memory management technique that load some part of the processes into virtual memory instead of load all part of the processes into physical and virtual memory and later the part of the process from virtual memory will be brought it into physical memory when its need the rest of parts of process. Operating System such as Windows is using demand paging as its virtual management technique but there are some problems in managing virtual memory in the demand paging at Windows XP and previous versions had and the solutions has been provided by Windows 7. Kernel address space Windows Kernel virtual address space is allocated into 2 sections, which are User address space and Kernel address space. Important resources in Kernel address space are adjusted according to the operational requirements. The sizes and locations of the resources are included as a management of virtual memory arranged by the operating system. Analysis In Windows XP and its previous versions, Kernel address space had been allocated statically into some fixed sizes and locations, so it will have some major problems in case that one or more of the resources oversized than its size allocation. The processes will not work well as usual in result. In Windows Vista and 7, the problems have been overcome by expanding the size and provide the size and location for the resources together. Nowadays, in Windows 7, Kernel address space shares the same space and is no longer divided into some sections. But it still have some limitations, the space is not dynamic enough to handle a very oversized resource. The same result of previous version of Windows still might be occurred. Solution Kernel virtual address space should be dynamic enough to overcome any possibilities. The user address space is a space that will not be unavailable each time, so it does not mean it cannot be available to handle some oversized-resources problem. The virtual memory space should be dynamic enough to let user address space to share a little space for the Kernel address space. Conclusion Windows 7 uses same techniques in memory management with previous versions of Windows which are System Paging in physical memory management and Demand Paging in virtual memory management. Microsoft develops a technology to help physical memory manager to work more efficient, which is called Microsoft SuperFetch. For the virtual memory manager itself, the allocations of the Kernel address space has been better since the introduction of Windows Vista and better in Windows 7 though it still has some limitations. FAQ What is Windows 7? Answer: is the latest release of Microsoft Windows for use as an operating system on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, netbooks, and tablet PCs. What is the benefit of Microsoft SuperFetch? Answer: Microsoft SuperFetch can give memory manager a hand to divide an often used program into priorities. So it will become more responsive and of course save some time. How exactly the virtual memory works? Answer: Virtual memory is used to help physical memory to execute more processes because some pieces of processes are loaded to physical memory and it can handle a process that may be larger than physical memory by loading some required pieces and then the rest pieces of processes will be loaded onto virtual memory. Section 2 (Two) : Microprocessors Introduction Microprocessor is the main brain of a computer. Microprocessor is also known as the Central Processing Unit (CPU) that has main function to respond to and to generate arithmetical and logical operations.   The microprocessor is the heart of any normal computer, whether it is a  desktop machine, a laptop, or a server. Microprocessor is a complete computation engine that is fabricated on a single chip. The first microprocessor was the Intel 4004 which is introduced in 1971. The 4004 was not very powerful. But at that time it was quite an invention since everything was on one chip. Even though the 4004 powered one of the first portable electronic calculators, all it could do was to add and subtract. Nowadays, there have been a lot of improvements in modern microprocessors. This report will cover some areas such as major trends affecting microprocessor performance and design in recent years and differences between microprocessors design goals for laptops, servers, desktops and embedded systems. Microprocessor Performance Since microprocessor has an important main role in the entire computers work and performance, then it is also important to concern about the performance of the processor itself. As time goes by, performances of microprocessor have always been improved to be better in architecture, faster in speed, smaller in size, and lower in energy consumption. Microprocessor at this time is built and developed to meet those requirements. In purpose to meet those requirements, there are some measurements and factors that affect microprocessor performance. Some of the major trends affecting the microprocessors performance are: Clock speed Microprocessors job is to process tasks/instructions and executes them. How fast a microprocessor can do its job to complete a cycle of task from when its retrieved from its  memory, determines what actions the instruction requires, and carries out those actions matters because it measures the performance of the microprocessor itself. The clock speed is stated in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz), and is a measure of how many instructions the processor can execute in one second. For example, a three Gigahertz (GHz) processor can operate at a rate of three billion cycles per second. The more cycles a processor can handle per second, the faster the clock can pump the current and the better the performance of the microprocessor. Number of Cores Number of cores will first determine whether it is a single-core microprocessor or multi-cores microprocessor. Multi-cores microprocessor is designed to have more than one core integrated to a single chip. Multi-cores microprocessor allows a complex instruction to be divided into some simple instructions to each of its cores, so that the instructions can be executed faster. Microprocessors such as Intel core i7 and AMD Phenom II X4 are examples of modern multi-core microprocessors. Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) Instruction set tells how to execute duties and works in the processor. Together with processor architecture will affect performance so it means the better instruction set and processor architecture the better performance of processor will get. Instruction Per Clock (IPC) IPC is the average number of  instructions executed for each clock cycle. IPC massively depends on the architectural design of the microprocessor and its number of transistors. A microprocessor with high clock speed is meaningless without IPC. It is pointless to have a fast-speed microprocessor if it can only execute four or five instructions. On-Board Cache Processors have resources to get their data from, which is the computers Random Access Memory (RAM). After the data is retrieved by the processor, it will copy and send it to a cache. The cache acts as a temporary information way station. Nowadays, the architecture of a microprocessor provides an on-board cache which is internal RAM that is built directly into the processor. Rather than requesting data from the RAM continuously, the CPU is allowed to access used data directly from its own on-board memory instead. This way, CPU can access and process data faster and more accurate. Its very effective for the applications that need high performance such as games, video player, etc. Type of Microprocessors for Desktop, Laptop, and Server Desktop Intel Core i5 (2nd Generation) Intel Core i5 (2nd Generation) is included in the family of Intel Core Processors. It is a newly-developed processor after being preceded by the first generation. Intel Core i5 (2nd Generation) was launched first at January 9th 2011 together with Intel Core i7 (2nd Generation) and are based on Sandy Bridge microarchitecture, unlike the first generation. This microprocessor has features such as, Intel Turbo Boost Technology 2.0, a later version which is better at accelerating performance than the first generations version 1.0; Intel HD Graphics 3000 that integrates high-performance graphics and media processing on the processor, putting the two components which is CPU processing and graphics on a single chip. Laptop Inter Core i5 Mobile (2nd Generation) Intel Core i5 Mobile (2nd Generation) does not have much differences from Intel Core i5 (2nd Generation) except it is designed for laptops so that there will be a difference in its design and architecture that will adapt with the power consumption and energy efficiency. This microprocessor also has the same features like the desktop version, for example Intel Turbo Boost Technology 2.0 and Intel HD Graphics 3000. Server Intel Xeon E7 Intel Xeon E7 is multi-core microprocessor that is targeted for non-customer, server and workstation markets. It has 10 cores processing that enables improved virtualization performance and increasing system utilization. This microprocessor is also based on the newly-developed Sandy Bridge microarchitecture which is up to 17% faster clock-for-clock compared to Nehalem microarchitecture processors of the previous generation. Differences between Microprocessor Design for Desktops, Laptops, Servers, and Embedded Systems Desktops Desktop computers can be said as normal media in computer usage. Desktops have advantages in their access to AC electricity as power source. So, theyre become beneficial to users who want to utilize the best performance of computer. That is why desktops microprocessors do not have to limit their clock speed and referring to the spaces that desktops have for cooling fans, heat problem will not become an issue. Desktops microprocessors are designed to improve the computers performance. So, they will consume more energy than laptops. But the size of them is still smaller than microprocessors that are designed for servers. Laptops Laptops are designed to be used on the go. The criteria are to be flexible so it can be brought anywhere, anytime. So, battery power is the main source of a laptops life. Other than that, overheating is also a main issue since laptops size that does not provide a large space for cooling fans. These criteria and issues become a consideration of why there must be a differentiation in laptops microprocessors. Laptops microprocessors are designed to minimize the power consumption, so that the battery life could last as long as possible. In purpose to overcome the heat problem, laptops processors usually have lower clock speed than the desktop version. As the clock speed is lower, the laptops processors may have a lower bus speed as well. Most of the modern mobile microprocessors have some components to the chips, such as wireless networking cards. Desktop microprocessors could have these as well, but the space requirements of a laptop make these integrated chips way much more popular in laptops. Servers Servers must be available and stable every time. Servers have an important role to store and load important data so everyone in the company can access the server every time. Server microprocessors are designed to overcome issues such as, stability, server uptime, and energy consumption. Servers are usually high-end computer since there are a lot of heavy tasks that needed to be completed. The size of the microprocessors is usually a bit larger than desktops and laptops, regarding to handle the tasks and the electricity consumption. That is also a cause of why server microprocessors will become more sensitive to the heat issue. Overheated- microprocessor will decrease servers performance, so there is another method to take care this issue, like putting the server computers in a room with air conditioners in it to maintain the heat issue. Embedded Systems Embedded systems are predefined systems that specifically can do one or more functions but they are limited based on the purposes. Embedded system cannot be changed by the end user because in case if that is changed, then the embedded system will not run appropriately. Examples of the embedded systems are such as, handphone, calculator, etc. Embedded system will need the microprocessor based on the functionality that it held, the more functions it held, a more powerful the processor that it will need. This happens because the microprocessor will run a lot of instructions from the user, and it will need a capable microprocessor which can do a lot of processes in a short time. The less function it held, there will be reasons to have such a standard microprocessor to save more energy and production cost. Conclusion Microprocessor has an important role as the main brain and operates the processes in computer. Without a microprocessor, a computer cannot do anything. That is why the performance of the microprocessor itself becomes the main priority for the user. There are some major trends affecting the microprocessor performance, which are clock speed, number of cores, instruction set architecture, instruction per clock, and on board cache. Though its main function is the same, computers type varies because of their purposes. So the type of microprocessors will vary also based on their purposes. Type of microprocessors will have a slight difference between one and another because of the design. There are each design for laptops, desktops, servers, and embedded systems. FAQ What is microprocessor? Answer: Microprocessor is the main brain of a computer. Microprocessor is also known as the Central Processing Unit (CPU) that has main function to respond to and to generate arithmetical and logical operations. Microprocessor is a complete computation engine that is fabricated on a single chip. Which are major factors that affecting microprocessors performance? Answer: a. Number of Cores b. Clock Speed c. Instruction Set Architecture d. Instruction per Clock e. On-Board Cache How different are microprocessors for desktops, laptops, and servers? Answer: Microprocessors are different in for what purpose the computers are used. Microprocessor for desktops will optimize the performance, for laptops will consider about energy saving and power consumption, and for servers will have more than 6 cores considering the quantities and weight of the processes. Appendices The picture above is a diagram that shows the division of Kernel address space

Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual issues - HIV Positive Children Must be Allowed t

HIV Positive Children Must be Allowed to Attend School Do you remember when Ryan White tried to attend public school in the 80's? Remember the media blitz and all the panic of the community? Parents and teachers were afraid to let HIV+ children attend public school. There was a fear that children with AIDS would somehow infect their healthy classmates. The truth is, AIDS is a disease which is not transmitted by casual contact. Normal play and interaction with HIV+ children is no threat to healthy children. So in recent years, fears have subsided and the policies of many school districts have changed. In Oklahoma for example, the Putnam City School District now allows HIV+ children to attend its schools. As a result of the District's decision, the people involved in the schools are reaping life-enriching benefits. First of all, the healthy children who attend Putnam City schools experience significant benefits by routinely interacting with classmates who have AIDS. Perhaps the most important benefit healthy children gain is they learn to fear the disease itself, not persons afflicted with it. Healthy children soon realize they can not only talk to but also study beside and even play with their AIDS infected classmates without fear. On the other hand, they clearly learn to fear the disease itself, for children who are friends with HIV+ children watch their friends slowly die. Christy's experience with her friend, Mark, is a typical example. Christy had known Mark since they were in kindergarten. Mark was a hemophiliac who had contracted AIDS at the age of seven via the clotting factor medication he had to take for his condition. When he was 11, Mark developed full-blown AIDS, and AIDS claimed him when he was only 15. Christ... ... and they are included in social activities beyond the school environment, such as going to the mall, the movies, and restaurants. These opportunities help the AIDS infected young people enjoy a happier life, even if it is tragically short. It is unquestionable that Putnam City School District's policy of allowing HIV+ children to attend their schools has benefited all involved. First, parents' fears that their healthy children would be in grave danger from casual contact with AIDS infected children have been proven false. Second, healthy children have gained a respectful fear of a deadly disease, a wisdom they probably would not have gained had they just been isolated from the horrors of AIDS. And finally, HIV+ children have taught their peers and adults alike that it is people who count, that all people need friends, and that all have the right to be educated. Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual issues - HIV Positive Children Must be Allowed t HIV Positive Children Must be Allowed to Attend School Do you remember when Ryan White tried to attend public school in the 80's? Remember the media blitz and all the panic of the community? Parents and teachers were afraid to let HIV+ children attend public school. There was a fear that children with AIDS would somehow infect their healthy classmates. The truth is, AIDS is a disease which is not transmitted by casual contact. Normal play and interaction with HIV+ children is no threat to healthy children. So in recent years, fears have subsided and the policies of many school districts have changed. In Oklahoma for example, the Putnam City School District now allows HIV+ children to attend its schools. As a result of the District's decision, the people involved in the schools are reaping life-enriching benefits. First of all, the healthy children who attend Putnam City schools experience significant benefits by routinely interacting with classmates who have AIDS. Perhaps the most important benefit healthy children gain is they learn to fear the disease itself, not persons afflicted with it. Healthy children soon realize they can not only talk to but also study beside and even play with their AIDS infected classmates without fear. On the other hand, they clearly learn to fear the disease itself, for children who are friends with HIV+ children watch their friends slowly die. Christy's experience with her friend, Mark, is a typical example. Christy had known Mark since they were in kindergarten. Mark was a hemophiliac who had contracted AIDS at the age of seven via the clotting factor medication he had to take for his condition. When he was 11, Mark developed full-blown AIDS, and AIDS claimed him when he was only 15. Christ... ... and they are included in social activities beyond the school environment, such as going to the mall, the movies, and restaurants. These opportunities help the AIDS infected young people enjoy a happier life, even if it is tragically short. It is unquestionable that Putnam City School District's policy of allowing HIV+ children to attend their schools has benefited all involved. First, parents' fears that their healthy children would be in grave danger from casual contact with AIDS infected children have been proven false. Second, healthy children have gained a respectful fear of a deadly disease, a wisdom they probably would not have gained had they just been isolated from the horrors of AIDS. And finally, HIV+ children have taught their peers and adults alike that it is people who count, that all people need friends, and that all have the right to be educated.

Knowledge and Assessment Essay

1. Understand the principles & requirements of assessment 1. 1explain the functions of assessment in learning and development Determining level of knowledge & understanding †¢ Ensuring that learning is taking place †¢ Checking progress †¢ Adhering to course criteria 1. 2define the key concepts and principles of assessment 1. Explain the functions of assessment in learning and development. Assessment is carried out to evaluate that learning has taken place. It measures the learner’s attainment of knowledge and skills in their particular learning area. Assessment encourages learners to ask questions on anything they have not fully understood, as learners know that they will have to prove their knowledge and understanding during assessment to the standards of the awarding body. The anticipated outcome of assessment is that the learner will complete assessment to City and Guild standards within the time frame stated, with no assistance and show through answering questions that they have full understanding of the subject. 2. Define the key concepts and principles of assessment. Assessment has to remain fair, consistent and valid to ensure all learners have an equal and fair chance of receiving a fair assessment. An assessor cannot be swayed 1. 3 explain the responsibilities of the assessor The role of the assessor is to assess the learner’s knowledge and performance in a range of tasks. This includes, ? Ensuring that the learner has demonstrated competence and knowledge in the assessment to the standard of City and Guilds criteria. ? Assessments need to be planned between the assessor and each learner; the learner needs to be fully aware of his/her responsibilities in the collection and presentation of evidence. ? The assessor then needs to observe the learners performance in their workplace or similar environment and can ask questions to confirm a learners understanding. ? Accurate and constructive feedback needs to be given to the†¦ 1. 4 identify the regulations and requirements relevant to assessment in own area of practice 2. Understand different types of assessment methods 2. 1 compare the strengths and limitations of a range of assessment methods with reference to the needs of individual learners 3. Understand how to plan assessment 3. 1 summarise key factors to consider when planning assessment 3. 2 evaluate the benefits of using a holistic approach to assessment 3. 3 explain how to plan a holistic approach to assessment 3. 4 summarise the types of risks that may be involved in assessment in own area of responsibility 3. 5 explain how to minimise risks through the planning process 4. Understand how to involve learners & others in assessment 4. 1 explain the importance of involving the learner and others in the assessment process 4. 2 summarise types of information that should be made available to learners and others involved in the assessment process. 4. 3 explain how peer and self-assessment can be used effectively to promote learner involvement and personal responsibility in the assessment of l earning 4. 4 explain how assessment arrangements can be adapted to meet the needs of individual learners 5. Understand how to make assessment decisions 5. 1 explain how to judge whether evidence is: †¢Sufficient †¢Authentic †¢Current 5. 2 explain how to ensure that assessment decisions are: †¢Made against specific criteria †¢Valid †¢Reliable †¢Fair 6. Understand Quality Assurance of the assessment process. 6. 1 evaluate the importance of quality assurance in the assessment process 6. 2 summarise quality assurance and standardisation procedures in own area of practice 6. 3 summarise the procedures to follow when there are disputes concerning assessment in own area of practice 7. Understand how to manage information relating to assessment 7. 1 explain the importance of following procedures for the management of information relating to assessment 7. 2 explain how feedback & questioning contribute to the assessment process 8. Understand the legal & good practice requirements in relation to assessment 8. 1 explain legal issues, policies and procedures relevant to assessment, including those for confidentiality, health, safety and welfare 8. 2 explain the contribution that technology can make to the assessment process 8. 3 evaluate requirements for equality and diversity and, where appropriate, bilingualism in relation to assessment 8. 4 explain the value of reflective practice and continuing professional development in the assessment process.

How does Shakespeare present tension Essay

      The contrast in speech also applies to the language of the spirits of the Island which are shown to be quite delicate and poetic â€Å"wild waves whist†, Shakespeare uses alliteration of the letter ‘w’ to slows the pace of the speech and produces sounds that makes Ariel seem less human or earth-bound but instead of the air or the waves. In contrast to the way Prospero treats Caliban, Prospero treats Ariel with affection, â€Å"my dainty Ariel†. Shakespeare uses the emphasis on the word â€Å"my† to suggest that Prospero is fonder of the possession of Ariel than Ariel himself. If the Island can be taken as a metaphor for humanity versus nature then the differences in the way Caliban and Ariel are treated by Prospero defines humanity’s ambitions and fears. Prospero treats Ariel with love because he is an asset to him, â€Å"fine apparition, my quant Ariel†, and because of the power that Prospero gains through that control that makes him appear almost God-like. Humans control the elements to gain a level of direction in their lives, to make sense of the meaninglessness of life. It is this direction that leads Prospero to believe and aspire to be like God because it strangles the connection between him and the repulsive beings of nature he has power over, such as Caliban. Equality leads to lack of control and it is Caliban’s adamant rebellion to be seen inferior that sickens Prospero. In the Tempest, Caliban represents people’s natural state and when Prospero oppresses Caliban, Shakespeare is creating an image of civilisation repressing their natural selves and concluding that the tensions between civilisation and nature only exist because of the way civilisation resents it’s natural state. When Gonzalo speaks of his golden age he is explaining a world where nature and civilisation could exist as one without the tensions that are so apparent in the rest of the play. Gonzalo would have â€Å"use of service, none†, â€Å"no occupation† but rather live innocently with nature bringing â€Å"forth of its own kind, all foison†¦ † Shakespeare uses the structure of the speech, interrupted continuously by Antonio and Sebastian, to perhaps mock the idea and highlight its faults. The idea itself comes from a French philosopher who describes how the Europeans corrupted America with its advanced influence. Through Sebastian and Antonio, Shakespeare is undermining his words and this implies that his own opinion could be that nature and civilisation can never both exist without the differences or hostility between the two. I believe Shakespeare presents the tensions between Civilisation and Nature not as to highlight their difference, but rather to highlight the tension that is created by society’s denial in their similarities. Perhaps the repulsion of Caliban is seen as a rejection of each of the more civilised characters untamed selves, their more ‘sophisticated’ selves portrayed as wit, cunning or power. By this, I could say that Shakespeare is presenting Caliban as the only true character in the whole play, though coarse and unrefined he is evidently not a master of politics or scheming, such as the characters of Antonio and Sebastian, which has been learnt through the highest classes of civilised society. In this, Shakespeare is saying that both nature and civilisation are equal, the only difference being that nature is not in a state of self denial. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE The Tempest section.